Taxonomy = the science of classification

1. Classification of organisms list

Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

2. Linnaean Binomial Nomenclature: genus and species
Domestic dog = Canis familiaris
Wolf = Canis lupus

Organisms of the same genus but different species share many characteristics but with few exceptions cannot interbreed (wolf x dog is one exception)
Organisms of the same species are able to interbreed.

3. Humans classification

Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata; Subphylum Vertebrata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Family: Hominidae
Genus: Homo
Species: sapiens

4. Gorilla classification

Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata; Subphylum Vertebrata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Family: Pongidae
Genus: Gorilla
Species: gorilla (also graueri and beringei)

5. The Six Kingdoms:

Animalia
Plantae
Protista (algae, protozoa and slime molds)
Fungi
Eubacteria
Archaebacteria (ancient extremophiles)

6. Five Vertebrate Classes

Fish (Osteichthyes (bony), Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous), Agnatha (jawless)
Reptiles (Reptilia)
Amphibians (Amphibia)
Mammals (Mammalia)
Birds (Aves)

7. Some characteristics of the different vertebrates

- Fish, reptiles and amphibians are cold-blooded
- Mammals and birds are warm-blooded
- Fish, reptiles, amphibians and birds lay eggs
- Mammals give live birth (with the exception of the duck-billed platypus and spiny
anteaters, which lay eggs – these are called the monotremes)
- Fish and pre-metamorphosis amphibians have gills to extract oxygen from water.
- Reptiles, post-metamorphosis amphibians, mammals and birds have lungs to extract
oxygen from air.
- Mammals have hair or fur.
- Mammals nurse their young (have breasts)
- Amphibians have smooth, moist skin

8. 1.75 million identified species of organisms (2/3 are insects)

9. 13-14 million species estimated to exist

10. Ocean microbe census: 5000 cultured and identified, but DNA analysis suggests 5-10 million

11. At least 99% of all organisms extinct

12. Characteristics of living things:

Reproduction
Energy (metabolism – transformation of energy)
Cell Organization (all organisms are composed of one or more cells having internal structures)
Reaction (stimulus-response, sensitivity to environment)
Evolution (heritable change over generations)
Homeostasis (staying the same; maintaining constant internal conditions)
Growth